Author: Oscar Mendez.
The morpho-cycle is the way our week will be organized
, always according to several Methodological Principles (Principle of
Horizontal Alternance in Specificity, Principle of Complex Progression and
Principle of Propensions), between our last game and the next one.
The difference between Micro-cycle and Morfo-cycle is
that in the Micro-cycle by itself, consists of sessions, of a certain number,
normally they can be between 3 and 14 sessions, that are programmed. This is
why they can take different shapes and have different objectives.
The Morpho-cycle
(Morpho -The way or shape matter can take), focuses basically on the
shape of our Game Model of the team we are coaching can take or obtain, and for that to happen certain processes must
happen, in them there must be continuity, the week of training in some dynamics
will be the same, or that it alternates between the problems that will show up
during game situations, this is why Morfo-cycle is how or what shape we want to
give our team and game model.
Some Authors talk about a Pattern Morfocycle, that is
a sequence of several sessions of training, that takes into consideration the
game prior and the future match. This Morfocycle was published in literature by
Nuno Oliveira, Nuno Amieiro, Resende 2006 and Barreto and Gomes in 2008. This
does not mean that there isn’t a Meso-cycle (Made up of 2 to 4 mycro-cycles) or
Macro-cycle (6 to 12 Meso-cycles), this is why these are mere theorical guidelines of
planification and periodization, with less interference in the process of
training that in the morfocycle.
FACTORS TO
TAKE INTO ACCOUNT IN THE SESSIONS AND THE MORFOCYCLES.
Tension –What we mean by the tension is the muscle
contraction that will be exposed. The higher amount of eccentric contractions
the higher the tension will be.
Duration –What we mean is the duration of the muscle contraction. The longer the exercise or task, the longer the duration of the contractions that normally will be concentric.
Speed – What we mean is basically the speed of the
muscle contraction. The faster the action , the faster the contraction, in game
like situations that will be very brief and intense.
Emotional Stress – It is the stress that the task or exercise will créate in the athlete. Related to the following critera:
Complexity
of the principle(s)
Complexity
of the dynamic
Amount of
Athletes
Space of
Play
Time of
duration of exercise
Discontinuous – It refers to the duration of the exercise,
the more discontinuous the shorter it will be.
When we
mention a typical Morpho-cycle we can describe it as one of five days of
training , one day of rest after competition and one before the next match.
On these
five days, three will be acquisitive sessions and two will be recuperation
sessions. Typically the next day after the competition will be the rest day or day
off.
The two
recuperation sessions will be the first and last session in the morpho-cycle.
The first
one we will focus on recuperating the players that played most of the match,
but not as we used to do many years ago, in activities that had little to do
with specific sport (jogging around the pitch or playing football tennis) but
in exercises similar to real game but very discontinuous. Pauses here will be very high.
With the
players that didn’t play, the training and exercises will be more continuous where we will try for
them to have an intense effort so that they will be ready to play next match.
The last
recuperation session before the match, we activate and prepare the team for the
next opponent going over the strategy of the match and what the opponent will
do, their and our behavior and other tactical and contra-tactical aspects.
In between
these two recuperation sessions, we will work with the three adquisitive
sessions.
The first
one will be Tension (of muscle contraction).
The second
one will be Duration (of muscle contraction).
The third
one will be Speed (of muscle contraction).
MORFO-CYCLE WITH ONE MATCH PER WEEK.
MATCH DAY= (SUNDAY).
– 5 SESSIONS + MATCH + 1 REST DAY OR DAY OFF.
1ST DAY- 1st Active Recuperation
Session. (Tuesday). Recuperation of last match under specific scheme.
Description:
Principles
and Sub-Principles of our game model under a recuperation scheme with a very
low dynamic.
Specific content:
We will
train the mistakes of prior match or focus on next weeks’ principles or
subprinciples that we will see on the following match.
Example of
exercises:
Very
discontinuous exercises with not very high difficulty and emotional stress, where
we will try for the players that played most or all of the match to recuperate
on specific energetic system and not the traditional way where we would do
things that had nothing to do with specific game of football (low endurance
jogging for example).
Players that
didn’t play must have exercises higher in intensity and duration than others
that did.
Mentally:
Exercises
that have a relatively low difficulty where the athlete doesn’t have too much
stress since he/she is not fully recuperated from previous match.
Tension –
Duracion –
Speed –
Emotional
Stress -
2ND DAY (Wednesday)- 1st Adquisitive
Sesion.Tension of muscle contraction.
Description:
Exercises
of elevated tension, small spaces, very discontinuous exercises, intense ,a lot
of stop and go, intermitent and short exercises. Low level of difficulty.
The most
intense and discontinuos session of the week.
Tactically:
Exercises
where we will train our Sub-Principles of play on a sectorial and
intersectorial level.
Here we can
focus on small sided games, rondos, small posessions, always focusing on what
is being mentioned above.
Exercises
must be very intense and discontinuos.
Always
exercises must be relevant to our game
model and how our team is going to play.
The amount
of players must be small, as well as the difficulty because if the difficult is
high, the intensity will never be high.
Mentally:
Because the
players are not quite recuperated, The difficulty of the exercises must be
rather low.
Tension +++
Duration –
Speed +
Emotional
Stress+
Description:
Because it
is the day farther away from previous and future competition or match, we will
training similarly to the way we are going to play on the match. Big spaces,
with longer duration of time, and with higher amount of complexity and amount
of athletes.
Tactically:
We will
focus on this session on the great principles of our game model and some
sub-principles on situations similar to real situation.
The
exercises here , we will focus on high numbers, 9v9, 10v10 and 11v11, big
spaces, exercise that are not very discontinuous and complexity of the
exercises that will be high as well. We will also focus on the Macro Principles
or the big behavior of our game model and what we want our team to do on the
match.
Mentally:
The level
of concentration here is the highest of the week due to the complexity of the
exercises and here is where we will have the highest emotional stress along
with the duration that will be the highest this is why this session will be
farther away from the match.
Tension +
Duration ++
Speed +
Emotional
Stress ++
4TH DAY. (Friday).
3rd day Adquistive Session. SPEED (of muscle contraction).
Description:
Prepare and
actívate the team for next match and super-compensate.
The
exercises must be of elevated speed of decisionmaking and execution
(activation). Because the exercises will be intense and there will not be
maximum tension, the number of repetition must be low and very discontinuous.
We must not
misunderstand speed of execution (quickness) with the travelling speed (moving from
point A to point B in the shortest amount of time).
This is the
session where we can focus on counter/attacking/defending in game like
situations.
Exercises
don’t have to be flashy, but practical with real game situations.
Our
exercises must be on specific energetic systems we use in Football (Atp/pc) Anaerobic
Alactic and Aerobic System.
Tactically:
Sub
principles of game on a sectorial level, intersectorial or collective. With / without
/or with little opposition.
Mentally:
Levels of
concentration lower than the day before. Levels of complexity will be reduced.
We will look for exercises with little or no opposition.
Tension +
Duration -
Speed ++
Emotional
Stress -
5TH DAY–(Saturday).
2nd Recuperation session.Active recuperation
and preparation of next Match.
Description:
Pre
activation of following match the next
day. We will in first part of session activate players for tomorrows’ match
based on what we worked during the week and prepare what the strategy will be
according to the information we have about or next opponent, our plan and contra-tactical
analysis of things that might come up in match.
Tactically:
Exercises
with high level of concentration but with Little or no complexity (will provoke
a high density of concentration). We will work dynamic behavior of the team or
exercises that don’t request high level of concentration and remind the general
pattern of collective game.
Mentally:
Concentration
very high but with very low volumes , obtaining a high levels of concentration
and focusing on the most important aspects of behavior of the team.
Tension -/+
Duration -
Speed -/+
Emotional Stress -/+
"I was never an athlete, an athlete has to eat correctly, sleep correctly, drink correctly…and I never did anything of this.
Surely I
could have been better if I would have been an athlete, but without a doubt I
would have never been as happy".
Romario.
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